Investment Education

43 articles in this category

How to Value Banks and Gold-Loan Companies: ROE, Price-to-Book and Muthoot's Q2 FY27

Why P/E and ROCE mislead for lenders, how ROE and price-to-book set a fair price, and what Muthoot's Q2 FY27 numbers reveal about gold-loan risk.

How to Screen Indian Stocks for Quality: A Four-Test Framework Worked on the Nifty 200

Four tests, a valuation check and a red-flag list we ran on all 200 Nifty 200 stocks. Learn the method, see where companies fail, and try it yourself.

Why Space Technology Matters for Business, and How to Judge a Space Company's R&D

How satellites feed GPS, weather, connectivity and defence into everyday business, plus six questions for judging a space company's R&D spending.

SpaceX Innovation Explained: Space Before Reusable Rockets and the Technology Behind Orbital Data Centres

How rockets were built and bought before SpaceX, what SpaceX changed, and why reusable Starship launch decides its orbital data centre plans.

Starlink and Orbital Data Centres: How SpaceX Plans to Move AI Compute Into Space

How Starlink works, and the engineering and cost arithmetic behind SpaceX's plan for AI data centres in orbit, from its filings and FCC records.

India's Critical Minerals

Notes on India's minerals: production shares, gaps, the aluminium chain, rare-earth law, the ₹34,300 crore mission and the magnet scheme arithmetic.

How Mineral Supply Chains Work

Notes on the minerals industry: reserves, mining and refining, concentration, by-product metals, export controls, substitution and recycling.

India's Diamond Exports Have Halved. Its Jewellery Exports Just Overtook Them.

India cuts 9 of every 10 diamonds on earth. A map of every export destination, and the one test that shows who really sets the price.

Tax Loss Harvesting in India: Why I Sold 597 Shares Instead of 800

I sold, rebought ten minutes later, and booked nothing. Why a same day rebuy silently fails in India, and the FIFO quantity that decides your loss.

Who Is Building the Power for AI, and Which of Them Have a Moat?

A layer-by-layer map of the companies supplying the AI power buildout, what their order books really say, and how to tell a franchise from a cycle.

The AI Energy Bottleneck: Where the Electricity Actually Runs Out

AI data centers are not short of electricity. They are short of turbines, transformers and grid connections. A guide to the real energy bottleneck.

Advance Tax in India: The Complete Beginner's Guide for FY 2026-27

Advance tax has four deadlines a year and missing one costs 1% a month. A plain guide to the FY 2026-27 rules and how to avoid paying interest.

Copper and Uranium: The AI Boom's Commodity Trade Explained

AI data centers need vastly more copper wiring and uranium-fueled power than ordinary infrastructure. A guide to the commodity side of the AI trade.

Is Elon Musk's Terafab Real, and Who Else Is Actually Competing With Nvidia?

From AMD to Google's TPUs to Musk's Terafab and Huawei: a guide to every real challenge to Nvidia's AI chip dominance, and what's actually investable.

The Real AI Chip Shortage Isn't the GPU. It's What's Stacked on Top of It

Nvidia can design more GPUs. What it cannot get more of is HBM memory and TSMC packaging capacity. Here is the real AI chip bottleneck, and why India has almost no exposure to it.

AI and Indian IT Services: Threat, Tailwind, or Both?

Is AI a threat to TCS, Infosys and Wipro, or their next growth engine? A data-driven guide to the billable-hours model under pressure.

AI Data Center Economics: What It Costs, and Is AI a Bubble?

AI data center economics explained: what a gigawatt really costs, why GPU depreciation beats the power bill, who profits, and is AI a bubble?

The Fed's FIMA Repo Facility Explained: Japan, Dollars and the Bond Market

How Japan can now raise US dollars by pledging Treasuries instead of selling them, what changed this week, and what it means for bond yields.

How to Build a Non-Correlated Portfolio: The Retail Investor's Guide to Real Diversification

Why most diversified portfolios are not diversified at all, how correlation actually works, and how to build a genuinely non-correlated portfolio.

Why Japan Breaking Matters to Your Portfolio: The Yen Carry Trade Explained

How Japan's yen carry trade, Bank of Japan rate hikes and money coming home could shake global stocks, US bonds and your portfolio, explained.

ETF ki Dukan Strategy Explained: Mahesh Kaushik's Method for Trading ETFs Like a Shopkeeper

A beginner-friendly breakdown of Mahesh Kaushik's ETF ki Dukan strategy, how to pick 75 liquid ETFs and trade them with one simple RSI rule.

The Insurance Business Model: An Investor's Thesis on Float, Underwriting, and How to Value Insurers

How insurance companies really make money, why float is the greatest edge in finance, and how to value P&C and life insurers — with US and India examples.

Semaglutide and the GLP-1 Wave: The Investment Thesis Behind Pharma's Biggest Boom

A deep dive into semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy) for investors: what it is, the problem it solves, how Novo Nordisk built a $30bn franchise, the Lilly duopoly, and which Indian companies stand to win as the patent expires.

Drug Patents, Generic Moats, and India's Global Edge in Generic Medicines

How 20-year drug patents create billion-dollar moats, why Indian generics companies broke that system, and what patent cliffs mean for investors.

Purchasing Power and Inflation: Why Your Future Money Is Worth Less Than You Think

A plain-English guide to inflation and purchasing power, with worked examples in rupees and dollars and a step-by-step walkthrough of the Goal Planner tool.

Gold, the Dollar, the Rupee and the Stock Market: How It's All Connected

How gold, the US dollar, the rupee and Indian stocks are all connected, and how to use that to judge real returns and value any stock.

AI, Protein Folding, and the Future of Drug Discovery: What Investors Should Know

How AI cracked the 50-year protein-folding problem, why it's reshaping drug discovery, and an investor's map of the companies at the frontier — with a clear-eyed view of the risks.

Biosimilars Explained: The Investment Thesis Behind Pharma's Next Big Wave

Biosimilars explained for investors: how they differ from generics, the US$300bn patent cliff, and which Indian companies stand to win.

How to Evaluate a Pharma Stock: The Complete Investor's Guide

The 12 metrics every investor must check before buying a pharma stock, explained simply with Indian examples from Sun Pharma, Cipla, and Dr. Reddy's.

Biologics Explained: The Living-Cell Medicines Reshaping Pharma

A beginner-friendly, investor-first guide to biologics: what they are, how they're made in living cells, why they're so expensive and hard to copy, and why that matters for pharma investors.

Charlie Munger's Mental Models: A Latticework for Thinking Clearly

Charlie Munger's mental models explained: inversion, circle of competence, the Lollapalooza effect and more, each with a real story.

Bonds vs Stocks: How the Bond Market and Stock Market Move Each Other

How the bond market and stock market connect and move each other, the key data points to track, and 100 years of history, for beginners.

From Lab to Pharmacy: How India's Drug Industry Really Works

A beginner's guide to India's pharma value chain: from drug discovery to patient, every stakeholder, business, and investment opportunity explained.

The FDA's Naughty List: What Indian Pharma Investors Need to Know

Warning letters, import alerts, and consent decrees — a complete guide to US FDA enforcement actions against Indian pharma companies, with case studies on Ranbaxy, Sun Pharma, Cipla, Lupin and more.

What Really Powers ChatGPT? The Hidden AI Stack Most Investors Have Never Heard Of

From nuclear plants to fiber cables: a beginner's guide to the 8-layer AI supply chain and the public companies in India and USA building each layer.

Makhana: The Superfood Snack Becoming a Multi-Billion Rupee Business

From Bihar's ponds to urban quick-commerce carts, how makhana became India's fastest-growing snack category and what it means for investors.

Brushes, Bullets & Billions: How Social Media Rewrote the Art Supplies Industry

How TikTok, YouTube and Instagram turned a quiet $12B niche into a creator-driven growth machine, and what investors should know.

Valuation 101: When to Buy Great Companies (A Beginner's Guide)

Stock valuation guide: P/E, PEG, DCF, margin of safety. Learn when to buy undervalued stocks using Warren Buffett's framework.

How to Read Annual Reports: A Beginner's Guide to Finding Great Investments

How to read annual reports like Warren Buffett: 20-minute framework for analyzing 10-K filings, financial statements, and finding moats.

Understanding Economic Moats: The 7 Types Every Investor Should Know

Learn Warren Buffett's framework for competitive advantages. Discover the 7 types of economic moats with real-world examples from companies like Google, NVIDIA, and HDFC Bank.

Understanding P/E Ratios: The Complete Beginner's Guide to Stock Valuation

Master P/E ratios, PEG, P/B, and EV/EBITDA with real examples from TCS, HDFC Bank, Google, and NVIDIA. Includes Indian market sector benchmarks.

Understanding the NIFTY 50: India's Most Important Stock Market Index

Complete beginner's guide to the NIFTY 50 index: construction, top holdings, historical returns, vs SENSEX, and how to invest via index funds and ETFs.

Portfolio Diversification: The Complete Beginner's Guide to Managing Risk

Build your first diversified portfolio step-by-step. Indian tax implications, asset classes, behavioral traps, real portfolio examples using TCS, HDFC, ITC, and more.

Ambika Iyer

February 5, 2026

16 min read